06. Docker Compose: Multi-Container Networking, Persistent Volumes & Environment Config • DevOps, Docker & Cloud VPS Deployment Mastery • Rishabh Ki Kaksha

DevOps, Docker & Cloud VPS Deployment Mastery › 06. Docker Compose: Multi-Container Networking, Persistent Volumes & Environment Config

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Course Syllabus

Module 1: Linux System Administration & Kernel Performance Tuning

01. Linux OS Architecture: Kernel vs User Space, System Calls & Process Management (ps, top, htop) 02. Linux File Permissions (chmod, chown, SUID/SGID) & Sticky Bits Security 03. Networking & Diagnostics: netstat, ss, lsof, tcpdump, curl, dig & DNS Resolution

Part 1: Linux & Docker Containerization

Module 2: Containerization with Docker & Multi-Stage Builds

04. Docker Architecture: Namespaces, Cgroups, UnionFS & Docker Engine Internals 05. Dockerfile Optimization: Layer Caching, Non-Root Users & Ultra-Light Alpine Multi-Stage Builds 06. Docker Compose: Multi-Container Networking, Persistent Volumes & Environment Config 07. Docker Production Security: Read-Only Root FS, Capabilities Drop & Container Scanning

Part 2: Nginx, SSL, PM2 & Automated CI/CD

Module 3: Nginx Reverse Proxy, SSL Automation & Security Hardening

08. Nginx Masterclass: Event-Driven Non-Blocking Architecture vs Apache Multi-Threaded 09. Nginx as Reverse Proxy, Load Balancer (upstream) & Gzip/Brotli Compression Config 10. SSL/TLS Automation with Certbot Let's Encrypt, HTTP/2 & Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) 11. Nginx Rate Limiting (limit_req), DDoS Mitigation & Security Headers Injection

Module 4: Process Management with PM2 & Systemd Services

12. Systemd Services: Creating Custom System Daemons with Automatic Restart & Logging 13. PM2 Enterprise Process Manager: Cluster Mode, Ecosystem Config & Graceful Reloads 14. Log Management & Rotation: logrotate, journalctl & Centralized Syslog Streaming

Module 5: CI/CD Automation with GitHub Actions & Zero-Downtime Deployments

15. CI/CD Foundations: Building Automated Test & Build Pipelines with GitHub Actions 16. Automated SSH Deployments: Self-Hosted Runners, Deploy Keys & Zero-Downtime Atomic Symlinks 17. Blue-Green & Canary Deployment Strategies on Cloud VPS Infrastructure

Module 6: Cloud VPS Production Hardening, Firewall (UFW) & Backups

18. Cloud VPS Hardening: Non-Root Sudo Users, SSH Key-Only Auth, Fail2ban & UFW Firewall Rules 19. Automated Database & Media Backups to Cloud Storage (AWS S3 / Cloudflare R2 / MinIO) 20. Server Health Monitoring & Alerting: Uptime Kuma, Netdata, Prometheus & Telegram Bot Webhooks

Interactive Lesson Studio

# 06. Docker Compose: Multi-Container Networking, Persistent Volumes & Environment Config

> DevOps & Cloud VPS Notes by Rishabh - Topic 06

---

### 1. Enterprise Multi-Service `docker-compose.yml` 🐙

Fullstack Architecture: Next.js + Node.js API + PostgreSQL + Redis + Nginx:

```yaml
version: '3.8'

services:
  app-api:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: rishabh_api
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgres://db_user:${DB_PASSWORD}@postgres_db:5432/production_db
      REDIS_HOST: redis_cache
    depends_on:
      postgres_db:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis_cache:
        condition: service_started
    networks:
      - internal_backend

postgres_db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    container_name: postgres_db
    restart: always
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: db_user
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
      POSTGRES_DB: production_db
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U db_user -d production_db"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    networks:
      - internal_backend

redis_cache:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: redis_cache
    restart: always
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - internal_backend

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:

networks:
  internal_backend:
    driver: bridge
```

---

### 2. Docker Networking DNS Service Discovery

Compose ke andar har service apne **Service Name (`postgres_db`, `redis_cache`)** se automatic DNS resolve hoti hai! (Zero hardcoded internal IP addresses!).

---

### 3. Master Comparison Matrix

---

### 4. Interview Ke 3 Sawal Is Topic Se

1. **`depends_on` with `condition: service_healthy` kyu zaroori hota hai?** -> Sirf `depends_on` container start hone ka wait karta hai, DB connection accept karne ka nahi; `service_healthy` ensure karta hai ki DB socket ready hone ke baad hi API container boot ho.
2. **Bridge Network vs Host Network mode me kya difference hai?** -> Bridge network isolated virtual subnet provide karta hai; Host network container ko direct host machine ka network stack share karne deta hai (Removes NAT overhead).
3. **`docker compose down` vs `docker compose down -v` me kya difference hai?** -> `-v` flag attached persistent volumes (Database data) ko bhi permanently delete kar deta hai!

---
**Next Topic:** 07. Docker Production Security: Read-Only Root FS, Capabilities Drop & Container Scanning

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Rishabh Gehlot

PHP 8+ & Laravel 11 Master Track