10. Generator Pipelines & Infinite Stream Processing with itertools • Python 0-to-Hero Mastery (Big Tech SDE & ML Standard) • Rishabh Ki Kaksha

```python
# Pipeline: Read Logs ➔ Filter 500 Errors ➔ Extract User ID ➔ Count Aggregates
lines = (line.strip() for line in open('server.log'))
errors = (line for line in lines if 'HTTP 500' in line)
user_ids = (line.split()[3] for line in errors)
```
*Zero intermediate arrays allocated in RAM!*

---

### 2. High-Performance `itertools` Functions

*   `itertools.chain(list_a, list_b)`: Concatenates sequences with zero memory copy.
*   `itertools.islice(generator, 10, 20)`: Slice streams without loading preceding elements into RAM.
*   `itertools.groupby(data, key=...)`: Group consecutive elements.
*   `itertools.cycle(seq)`: Infinite round-robin generator.

---

### 3. Interview Ke 3 Sawal Is Topic Se

1. **`itertools.groupby` use karne se pehle data sorted hona kyu zaroori hai?** -> Kyunki groupby sirf consecutive matching keys ko aggregate karta hai; non-adjacent identical keys naye groups create karti hain.
2. **`itertools.tee(iterable, n=2)` memory risk kyu create kar sakta hai?** -> Agar ek iterator doosre iterator se aage nikal jaye, toh beech ke intermediate elements memory buffer me accumulate hote rehte hain.
3. **`itertools.batched()` (Python 3.12+) kya optimize karta hai?** -> Large stream ko fixed-size batches (e.g. 100 items per batch for bulk database inserts) me cleanly chunk karna.

---
**Next Topic:** 11. Context Managers: The "with" Statement & contextlib.contextmanager

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1 Questions

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1. Infinite Sequence Window Slicer

`itertools.islice` ka use karke infinite Fibonacci stream se pehle N elements extract karein.

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• itertools.islice slices any infinite iterator safely.

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🎯 Big Tech Coding & Interview Challenges

1. Infinite Sequence Window Slicer

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Rishabh Gehlot

PHP 8+ & Laravel 11 Master Track