07. First-Class Functions, *args, **kwargs & Functional Combinators • Python 0-to-Hero Mastery (Big Tech SDE & ML Standard) • Rishabh Ki Kaksha

Python me functions objects hote hain:
*   Variables me assign ho sakte hain (`fn = print`).
*   Arguments ki tarah pass ho sakte hain (`map(fn, list)`).
*   Functions se return ho sakte hain (Higher-Order Functions).

---

### 2. Argument Packing & Unpacking (`*args`, `**kwargs`)

```python
def flexible_api_caller(endpoint: str, *args, timeout: int = 30, **kwargs):
    print(f"Calling {endpoint} with Positional: {args} and Keyword: {kwargs}")

params = {"user_id": 101, "role": "admin"}
flexible_api_caller("/api/v1/user", 1, 2, timeout=60, **params)
```

---

### 3. Positional-Only (`/`) & Keyword-Only (`*`) Parameters

```python
# a and b MUST be positional; x and y MUST be keyword arguments:
def configure_server(host, port, /, *, ssl=True, workers=4):
    pass

configure_server("127.0.0.1", 8080, ssl=True, workers=8) # Valid
```

---

### 4. Interview Ke 3 Sawal Is Topic Se

1. **`functools.partial` kya karta hai?** -> Function ke kuch arguments ko pre-fill karke naya callable object create karta hai (Currying in Python).
2. **`lambda` functions vs standard `def` functions me kya limitation hoti hai?** -> Lambda functions sirf single expression evaluate kar sakti hain (No statements, no docstrings, no type annotations).
3. **`*` symbol standalone parameter list me kyu lagaya jata hai?** -> Uske baad aane wale saare arguments ko strictly Keyword-Only enforce karne ke liye.

---
**Next Topic:** 08. Advanced Closures, Function Decorators & @functools.wraps

Loading lesson content...

🎯 Big Tech Coding & Interview Challenges

Practice these curated problems. Click "Load in Sandbox" to solve live in the Code Studio!

1 Questions

Easy

1. Dynamic Function Pipeline Reducer

`functools.reduce` ka use karke ek function pipeline compose karein jo initial number par multiple transforms sequentially apply kare.

💡 View Pro Interview Hint

• reduce applies accumulated value through each function in sequence.

Python 3.12

Full IDE

Live Execution Terminal

Click "Execute Live" to run code.
                

🎯 Big Tech Coding & Interview Challenges

1. Dynamic Function Pipeline Reducer

Lesson Mastery AI Quiz

AI Doubt Solver

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

Rishabh Gehlot

PHP 8+ & Laravel 11 Master Track