14. Binary Tree Architecture: Max Depth, Same Tree & Invert Binary Tree • Data Structures & Algorithms: Blind 75 & Big Tech Interview Prep • Rishabh Ki Kaksha

Data Structures & Algorithms: Blind 75 & Big Tech Interview Prep › 14. Binary Tree Architecture: Max Depth, Same Tree & Invert Binary Tree

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Course Syllabus

Module 1: Big-O Asymptotics, Arrays & Sliding Window

01. Time & Space Complexity Masterclass: Big-O, Big-Theta, Big-Omega & Amortized Analysis 02. Arrays & Hashing: Two Sum, Contains Duplicate & Valid Anagram (Hash Table Lookups) 03. Prefix Sum & Kadane's Algorithm (Maximum Subarray Problem in O(N)) 04. Sliding Window Pattern: Fixed vs Dynamic Windows (Best Time to Buy/Sell Stock)

Module 2: Two Pointers & Binary Search Systems

05. Two Pointers Pattern: Valid Palindrome, 3Sum & Container With Most Water 06. Binary Search Foundations: Search in Rotated Sorted Array & Find Minimum 07. Binary Search on Answer Space: Koko Eating Bananas & Capacity to Ship Packages

Module 3: Linked Lists & Fast-Slow Pointer Patterns

08. Singly vs Doubly Linked Lists & In-Place Pointer Manipulation (Reverse Linked List) 09. Fast & Slow Pointer (Floyd's Cycle Detection): Linked List Cycle & Middle Node 10. Merging & Reordering: Merge Two Sorted Lists, Reorder List & Remove Nth Node

Module 4: Stacks, Queues & Monotonic Stack Architecture

11. Stack Fundamentals: Valid Parentheses & Min Stack in O(1) Time 12. Monotonic Stack Pattern: Daily Temperatures & Next Greater Element 13. Hard Stack Coding: Largest Rectangle in Histogram & Trapping Rain Water

Module 5: Trees, Binary Search Trees & DFS/BFS Traversals

14. Binary Tree Architecture: Max Depth, Same Tree & Invert Binary Tree 15. BFS Level-Order Traversal & Binary Tree Right Side View 16. Binary Search Tree (BST) Properties: Validate BST & Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) 17. Tree Path Sums & Serialize / Deserialize Binary Tree (Hard)

Module 6: Heaps, Priority Queues & Top-K Problems

18. Min Heap & Max Heap Internals: Array Representation & Heapify in O(N) 19. Top-K Elements Pattern: Kth Largest Element in an Array & Top K Frequent Elements 20. Two-Heap Pattern: Find Median from Data Stream (Hard)

Module 7: Graphs, Topological Sort & Shortest Paths (Dijkstra)

21. Graph Representations (Adjacency Matrix vs List) & DFS/BFS Traversal 22. Matrix Graph Traversal: Number of Islands, Max Area of Island & Clone Graph 23. Topological Sort (Kahn's Algorithm): Course Schedule I & II (Cycle Detection) 24. Disjoint Set Union (DSU / Union-Find): Redundant Connection & Number of Connected Components

Module 8: Dynamic Programming, Backtracking & Bit Manipulation

25. Backtracking Pattern: Subsets, Permutations, Combination Sum & Word Search 26. 1D Dynamic Programming: Climbing Stairs, House Robber & Coin Change 27. Longest Increasing Subsequence (LIS): O(N^2) DP vs O(N log N) Patience Sort 28. 2D Dynamic Programming: Unique Paths, Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) & Edit Distance 29. 0/1 Knapsack Pattern & Partition Equal Subset Sum 30. Bit Manipulation Tricks: Number of 1 Bits (Hamming Weight), Counting Bits & Missing Number

Interactive Lesson Studio

# 14. Binary Tree Architecture: Max Depth, Same Tree & Invert Binary Tree

> DSA Blind 75 Notes by Rishabh - Topic 14

---

### 1. Binary Tree Architecture 🌳

Binary Tree me har node ke maximum **2 children (Left & Right)** hote hain:

```
        [ 1 (Root) ]
        /          \
  [ 2 (Left) ]   [ 3 (Right) ]
```

---

### 2. LeetCode #226: Invert Binary Tree (The Famous Google Interview Question 🔄)

```python
def invertTree(root: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None:
    if not root:
        return None
        
    # Swap left and right children:
    root.left, root.right = root.right, root.left
    
    # Recursively invert subtrees:
    invertTree(root.left)
    invertTree(root.right)
    
    return root
```

---

### 3. LeetCode #104: Maximum Depth of Binary Tree

```python
def maxDepth(root: TreeNode | None) -> int:
    if not root:
        return 0
    return 1 + max(maxDepth(root.left), maxDepth(root.right))
```

---

### 4. LeetCode #100: Same Tree

```python
def isSameTree(p: TreeNode | None, q: TreeNode | None) -> bool:
    if not p and not q: return True
    if not p or not q or p.val != q.val: return False
    return isSameTree(p.left, q.left) and isSameTree(p.right, q.right)
```

---

### 5. Master Comparison Matrix

---

### 6. Interview Ke 3 Sawal Is Topic Se

1. **Binary Tree traversal ki 3 standard Depth-First Search (DFS) orders kya hoti hain?** -> Pre-order (`Root -> Left -> Right`), In-order (`Left -> Root -> Right`), Post-order (`Left -> Right -> Root`).
2. **Binary Tree ka Diameter kya hota hai?** -> Kisi bhi do nodes ke beech ka longest path (jo zaroori nahi ki root se guzre).
3. **Balanced Binary Tree (LeetCode #110) ki definition kya hai?** -> Aisi tree jisme har single node ke left aur right subtrees ki height ka difference $\le 1$ ho.

---
**Next Topic:** 15. BFS Level-Order Traversal & Binary Tree Right Side View

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